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LEARNING DISABILITY

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It is of various types like Dyslexia (inability to read), Dyscalculia (inability to understand mathematics), and Dysgraphia (inability to write), Auditory processing disorder, NLD (Non-verbal learning disability) and many more

It comes in many forms and their effects are different from person to person like


  • Getting ingormation into the brain (input)
  • Making sense of information taken in (organization)
  • Storing and retrieving information (Memory)
  • Getting information back out (output)

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Individual with LD may have issues in following areas like :

Phonological processing


  • Processing individual speech sounds in words
  • Holding sounds in sequence in short term memory
  • Reading fluency
  • Decoding and blending sounds
  • Reading comprehension

Language processing


  • Understanding verbal instruction
  • Expressing oneself
  • Vocabulary
  • Thinking style
  • Remembering things
  • Finding and Using of right words and phrases
  • Follow fast paced conversation
  • Organising ideas for written communication

Memory


(a) Verbal
  • Ability to take in oral information and to hold in mind
  • Ability to remember math facts(time tables etc)
  • Ability to remember the order of math operations ( borrowing or carrying)
  • Ability to keep track of group conversations or follow lectures
(b) Workingl
  • Ability to hold information in mind
  • Multitasking or can think more than one thing at a time
  • Ability to follow multi step instructions
  • Ability to keep track of story characters and plot lines while sounding out new Words
  • Ability to take in visual information and hold in mind
  • Ability to remember differences between letters
  • Performance in visual based subjects I.e mapping in geography , labelling diagrams in science, remembering faces
(c) Visual
  • Ability to take in visual information and hold in mind
  • Ability to remember differences between letters
  • Performance in visual based subjects I.e mapping in geography , labelling diagrams in science, remembering faces

Visual spatial performance


(a) Visual perceptual
  • Ability to make sense of what one sees like reading a map, following a sewing Pattern
(b) Visual motor
  • Eye hand coordination
  • Motor planning
  • Ability to print or copy
  • Ability of writing ( fatigue, pen pr pencil pressure, speed)
  • Orientation of body in space
  • ADL skills
  • Concept of left and right

Processing speed


  • Speed of processing information
  • Ability of making sense of what is said or organising thoughts.
  • Completion of tasks on time( blackboard copying)

Executive functioning


  • Ability to start or stop actions
  • Ability to change behaviour as needed
  • Ability to plan or organise
  • Ability to be flexible and adaptive to new situations.
  • Generalisability
  • Self monitoring

Mental health


  • Feeling of anxiety
  • Feeling of depression
  • Feeling of low self esteem
  • Social relationships ( isolation. Rejection, loneliness)
  • Bullying at school

NON-VERBAL LEARNING DISABILITY


  • It is a neurological syndrome that causes a person to have difficulty interprating and understanding nonverbal cues in the environment. The name of the disorder is confusing which states that person is non-verbal but he can speak and expresses well ..it is the non-verbal communication he has problem in like interpreting waves, smiles etc

TREATMENT


  • Sensory integration therapy
  • Occupational therapy
  • Remedial tutoring for improving academic performance using jolly phonics and grammar, sonday system etc
  • Shadow teaching at regular /inclusive school
  • Speech and communication therapy
  • Brain gym
  • Handwriting without tears program
  • Pre-vocational training
  • Group sessions for developing social skills